Sciatica
Sciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a pain that originates along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the back of the pelvis down the back of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the primary nerve of the leg. It is also the largest nerve in the entire body.
Causes
Usually, sciatica is caused by a prolapsed disk in the spine that presses on the sciatic nerve. Other causes that may put pressure on the sciatic nerve may include the following:
- Tumor
- Abscess
- Blood clot
- Awkward sitting position
- Any nerve disorders
Sometimes, a cause for the sciatica cannot be identified.
Symptoms
The following are the most common symptoms of sciatica. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Lower back pain that radiates down the buttock and back of one thigh
- Pain that extends from the buttock down to the foot
- Numbness (in severe cases)
- Weakness (in severe cases)
The symptoms of sciatica may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult a physician for a diagnosis.
Diagnosis
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for sciatica may include the following:
- X-ray - a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.
Treatment
Specific treatment for sciatica will be determined by your physician based on:
- Your age, overall health, and medical history
- Extent of the disease
- Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- Expectations for the course of the disease
- Your opinion or preference
Sciatica usually heals on its own with rest and time. To help relieve the pain, treatment may include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications
- Heat or cold applications to the sore muscles
- Keep your body in motion (to minimize inflammation) with the direction of your physician or physical therapist
- Physical therapy
- Surgery (to repair the prolapsed disk; if the condition persists)
